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EMAGE  EVALUATION 
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23  WEST  MAIN  STkEET 

WIBSTER.N.Y.  145E0 

(716)  672-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 
Microfiche 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notes  techniques  at  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Featuras  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


~~T\    Coloured  covers/ 
')£A    Couverture  de  couleur 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  ixh  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modif'er 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


\/ 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


The 
to  t 


The 
poa 
of  1 
filrr 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagie 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 


D 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


("Tl    Coloured  maps/ 


0 

D 

n 


D 


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Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


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have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  ixh  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


D 
D 


Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colordes,  tacheties  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachies 


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Transparence 


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r~n    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Comprend  du  matdriel  suppl^mentaire 


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Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  4t6  filmies  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


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This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  :.2X 


26X 


30X 


J 


19Y 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Seminary  of  Quebec 
Library 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^'meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
lequired.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
g6nArosit6  de: 

SAminaire  de  Quebec 
BibliothAque 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  film6.  at  en 
conformit*  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  filmAs  en  commen9ant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustrt    '  r    •'i^'"  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —^  signifie  "A  SUIV^E ',  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Las  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvant  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  clichA,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  6  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


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GUIDE 


TO 


LAKE  GEORGE, 

LAKE  CHAMPLAIN, 

MONTREAL  &  ftUEBEC, 

WITH  ]\xAPS, 

AND 

Tables  of  Routes  and  Distances  from  Albany, 
Burlington,  Montreal,  &c. 


BY  Z.  THOMPSON, 

Author  of  History  and  Gazetteer  of  Vermont. 


SECOND  EDITION,  CORRECTED  AI^'BxNLa'rGED. 


BURLINGTOM:  ,^ 

CHAUNCEY    GOOdViCH. 

1851.  •*      "         vT 


i 


H 


Pott  lUnrjr  • 
Crown  Point  Fort. 


5l 

Ailillinn 
[riiiiiiiiajr  polnl 


llilclpofi 


Watch  Point 
.Hhoroliiiin 


Mt.  Ilnpa* 
Tioondorogu  ' 

Mount  Donaneo. 


-i 


Orwel/ 


^ 


.Oontoii 


—  Elbow 


itohnll 


Cftlilwn;/.] 
Ft.  Gcorgo  ■ 


Entered  according"  to  act  of  Congress,  in  1845,  by 
CHAUNCEY  GOODRICH, 

in  tlie  Clerk's  Office  of  ihe  District  Court  for  the 

District  of  Vermont. 


LAKE    GEORGE. 


15,  by 


for  the 


'* 


Eighteen  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs,  on 
the  way  to  Lake  George,  are^  Glens  Falls. 
These  are  a  considerable  curiosity.  The  fall 
in  the  Hudson  is  about  fifty  feet,  which  affords 
a  vast  amount  of  water  power.  The  Plank 
lload  from  Moreau  to  Lake  George  and  the 
Saratoga  and  Whitehall  Railroad  cross  the 
Hudson  at  these  falls.  The  Glens  Falls  Feed- 
er^ 1 1  miles  long,  connects  the  river  above  the 
falls  with  the  Champlain  Canal  near  Sandy 
Hill.  The  road  from  Glens  Falls  to  Caldwell, 
at  the  head  of  Lake  George,  passes  near 
Bloody  Fond.  This  is  near  the  place  of  ac- 
tion  between  Col.  Williams  and  Gen.  Dieskau, 
in  1755,  and  into  this  pond  were  thrown  the 
bodies  of  those  killed  in  the  battle.     Hence  its 

name. 

Caldioell  is  delightfully  situated  at  the 
south-west  end  of  the  lak^,  and  contains  about 
two  hundred  inhabitants. 

The  Lake  House  at  this  place  is  much  re- 
sorted to  in  summer  by  travellers  and  parties 
of  pleasure.     A  steamboat  plies  regularly  be- 


LAKE    GEORGE. 


tween  this  place  and  the  outlet  of  the  lake  at 
Ticorideroga.  Near  Caldwell  villaii^e,  at  the 
soutli  end  of  the  lake,  are  the  riiin.s'  of  Fort 
Wm.  Henry,  and  about  a  mile  further  to  the 
southeast  are  those  of  Fort  Georo-c. 

Lahe  George   is  so   nearly  co'iinected  with 
Lake  Champlain,  both  locally  and  historically, 
as  to  be  almost  regarded  as  a  part   of   it      It 
was  visited  by    Champlain,   in    1609,   and   it 
might  appear  doubtful,  from  his  own  statement 
whether  it  w^as  not  to   this  lake  that  he  o-ave 
his  own    name.     Succeeding   French   writers 
however,  confined  the  name  of   Champlain  tJ 
the  larger  of  these  lakes,  and  called  i\mLake 
St.  Sacrament^  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its 
waters.     The   Indian  name  is    said   to   have 
been  Honcon,     Mr.  Spafford  in  his  Gazetteer 
of  N.  Y.  says  that  the  natives  called  it   Cani- 
deri-oU,  or  the  tail  of  the   laJce,   on  account, 
probably,  of  its  connexion  with  Lake  Cham- 
plain. 

Lake  George  is  36  miles  long  and  from  2 
to  3  miles  wide,  and  is  elevated  243  feet  above' 
the  tide  waters  of  the  Hudson.  The  scenery 
around  this  lake  is  very  much  admired.  The 
most  interesting  points  of  view  are  said  to  be 
at  Fort  George,  at  a  place  north  of  Shelving 
Rock,  14  miles,  and  at  Sabbath  Day  Point 
24  miles,  from  the  head  of  the  lake.     The  last 


MASSACRE    AT    FORT    WM.    HENRY. 


m 

:-^». 


view  is  taken  southward  ;  the  others  towards 
the  north.  This  lake  abounds  with  small  and 
beautiful  islands,  among  the  most  important  of 
which  are  Diamond  Island.  Tea  Island  and 
Long  Island.  Roger's  llock  or  Slide,  and 
Anthony's  Nose,  the  former  on  the  west  and 
the  latter  on  the  east  side,  are  two  precipices 
worthy  of  note.  Howe's  Landing,  just  behind 
an  island  at  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  denotes  the 
spot  where  the  unfortunate  expedition  of 
Abercrombie  landed,  and  derives  its  name 
from  Lord  Howe,  who  accompanied  and  fell  In 
that  expedition,  in  1758. 

This  lake  has  been  the  scene  of  several  im 
portant  battles.  One  which  has  been  general- 
ly known  as  the  Buttle  of  Lahc  George^  was 
fought  at  the  head  of  the  lake  in  1755,  between 
the  French  under  the  Baron  Dieskau  and  cho 
English  under  Sir  Wm.  Johnson.  Dieskau 
attacked  the  English  in  their  encampment, 
but  was  defeated  and  slain.  The  loss  of  the 
English  was  130  slain  and  that  of  the  French 
about  700*  ^ 

G.^he  most  shocking  transaction  in  the  vicini- 
ty of  this  lake,  was  the  Massacre  at  Fort  Wil- 
liam Henry  in  1757.  A  British  and  provin- 
cial army  having  been  collected  at  Ft.  Edward 


*  See  Tliompsoii's  Vermont,  part  H.  pnge  8. 


6 


MASSACRE    AT   PORT   WM.    HENRY. 


and  Ft.  Win.  Henrj  under  Gen.  Webb,  for  the 
reduction  of  the  French  works  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  the  French  sent   a  large  army  up  the 
lake  under  Gen.  Montcalm  for  their  defence. 
Gen.  Webb,  then  at  Fort  Wm.   Henry,  learn- 
ing froni  Maj.  Putnam  that  this  force  had  en- 
tered Lake  George,  returned  immediately  to 
Fort  Edward,  and  the  day  following  sent  Col. 
Munroe  with  his    regiment  to    reinforce   the 
garrison  at  the  lake.     The  day  after  Munroe's 
arrival   the   French  appeared  before  the  fort, 
Jtid  siege  to   it  and  demanded  its  surrender. 
The  garrison,  consisting  of  2500  men,  defended 
themselves   with   much   bravery    for   several 
days,  with  the  expectation  of  succor  from  Fort 
Edward.     But  as    none   came,    Munroe   was 
obliged   on  the  9th  of  August'  to  capitulate. 
By  the  articles  of  capitulation  all  the    public 
property  was   to  be  delivered    to    IVlontcalm, 
and  the  garrison  were  to  march  out  v/ith  their 
arms  and  baggage,  and  to  be  escorted  to  Fort 
Edward,  on  condition    of  not  serving  against 
the    French    within   the   period    of  "eighteen 
months. 

The  garrison  had  no  sooner  marched  out  of 
the  fort,  than  a  scene  of  perfidy  and  barbarity 
commenced,  which  it  is  impossible  for  lan- 
guage to  describe.  Regardless  of  the  articles 
of  capitulation,   the  Indians  attached   to  the 


MASSACRE    AT   FOK-T   WM.    HENRY, 


for  the 
Cliam- 
ip  the 
efence. 
learn- 
ad  en- 
ely  to 
t  Col. 
56   the 
nroe's 
)  fort, 
ender. 
ended 
everal 
1  Fort 
3   was 
iulate. 
public 
tcalnij 
their 
Fort 
^'ainst 
hteen 

)iit  of 
►arity 
lan- 
ticles 
)  the 


French  army,  fell  upon  the  defenceless  soldiers, 
plundering  and  murdering  all  that  fell  in  their 
way.  The  French  officers  were  idle  spectators 
of  this  bloody  scene ;  nor  could  all  the  en- 
treaties of  Munroe  persuade  them  to  furnish 
the  promised  escort.  On  that  fatal  day  about 
1500  of  the  English  were  either  murdered  by 
the  savages  or  carried  by  them  into  captivity  - 
never  to  return. 

The  day  following  these  horrid  transactions, 
Major  Putnam  was  despatched  from  Fort  Ed- 
ward with  his  rangers  to  watch  the  motions  of 
the  enemy.     He  reached   Lake   George    juSt 
after  the  rear  of  the  enemy  had  left  the  shore, 
and  the  scene  which  was  presented  he  describes 
as  awful  indeed.     "  The  fort  was  entirely  des- 
troyed :  the  barracks,  out-houses  and  buildings 
were  a  heap    of    ruins— the    cannon,    stores, 
boats    and  vessels    were    all    carried    away. 
The  fires  were  still  burning — the  smoke  and 
stench  offensive  and  suffocating.     Innumera- 
ble fragments  of  human  skulls,  and  bones  and 
carcasses  half  consumed,  were  still  frying  and 
broiling  in  the  decaying  fires.     Dead  bodies 
mangled  with  scalping  knives  and  tomaha^yks' 
in   all  the   wantonness   of   Indian  barbarity,' 
were  every  where  to  be  seen.     More  than  100 
women,  butchered   and   shockingly   mangled, 
lay  upon  the  ground  still  weltering   in  their 


8 


LAKE   CHAMrLAIN. 


gore.  Devastation,  barbarity  and  horror  everv 
where  appeared  ;  and  the  spectacle  pi  esented 
was  too  diabolical  and  awful%ither  to  £  /J^ 
durcd  or  described."  ®° 


1 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN, 

dents  iL.  fT''^  ""<^  ^*'^  ^"^torical  inc2 
acnts,  IS  one  of  the  most  iuterestinff  bodies  of 
water  in  North  Ampvim  Tt  ,  ay'J'^^<-f>  or 
bv  Sin,„ol  P  ^™e  ica.  It  was  discovered 
inno      u     .^^''"^fPi^"!.   on  the  4th  of  Julv 

of  FreSiTnd^'f  '''''  '^^^   ^"'''  '^  '^""'^ 
UD  thoS     T  n     "'^'''"''  P/^'^'^^ded  in  a  shallop, 
wp  tiie  bt.  Lawrence  and  river  Irociuois  now 
L..C lielieu,  till  stopped  by  the  Cha  Sy  Sp'dT 
From  tins  place  he  determined  to  proceed  in 

great  iciuctance  and  only  two  could  be  nor 

z  r  oVrSe^iav^'^n ''-''  '^' 

their   ce    .^  tf  i^idtTeUSferot 

he  4  h   /,!?'  '?'^'  ir««edjng  southward  on 

tue  4th  July  entered   the  lake.     Chamnlain 

and  his  party  proceeded  along  the  wesTshore" 


LAKE    CHAMPLAIN    DISCOVERED. 


9 


I 


advancing  by  water  during  the  night  and  re- 
tiring into  the  forests  by  day,  to  avoid  being 
discovered  by  the  Iroquois,  between  whom  and 
the  Canada  Indians  a  war  was  then  carried  on. 
As  they  drew  near  the  enemy's  country  they 
proceeded  with  great  caution,  but,  on  the  29th 
of    July,   in  the  evening,  they  fell  in  with  a 
large  war  party  of  the  Iroquois,  ^  Both  parties 
drew  up  to  the  shore,  and  the  night  was  spent 
in  preparation  for  battle,  and  in   singing  and 
taunting  each  other.     In  the  morning  an  en- 
gagement took  place,  but  the  Frenchmen  be- 
ing  armed   with  muskets,  it   was  decided  in 
favor  of  Champlain  and  his  party,  a  large  num- 
ber of  the  Iroquois  being   slain   and   several 
taken    prisoners.     With  these   they  returned 
immediately  to  their  shallop.     Champlain  says 
that  this  battle  was  fought   in   Lat.  43  ^  and 
some  minutes,  and  the   place   is   supposed  fo 
have  been  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  George. 
The  present  name   of  Lake    Champlain   was 
given  by   its  discoverer    during  his  first  visit, 
as  he  informs  us  in  his  Journal.     He  was^  not 
drowned  in  its  waters,  as  has  been  sometimes 
said,  but  died  at  Quebec  in  1G35.     One  of  the 
Indian  names  of  this  lake  was  Fctaiva-houque^ 
signifying  alternate  land  and  water,  in   allu- 
sion to  the  numerous   islands  and  projecting 
points  of  land.     Another  is  said  to  have  been 


10 


NAVIGATION. 


Camaden-Guarunte,  signifying  the  mouth,  or 
door  of  the  country.  If  so,  it  was  very  appro- 
priate, as  It  forms  the  gate-way  between  Te 
country  on  the  St.  Lawrence  and  that  on  the 

^ulT:  A>    7  "'"?■''  ,'''"'^°*  ^'""^^  *l>e  Indians 
called  It  Corlear,  in  honor  of  a  Dutchman,  who 

saved  a  war  party  of  Canada  Indians  from  be- 
ing destroyed  by  the  JMohawks  in  1665 

Extent.  Lake  Cliamplain  is  usually  re- 
garded as  extending  from  Whitehall  to  St 
Johns,  being  120  miles  in  a  right  line  from 
south  to  north.  Sometimes  it  i%  regarded^ 
terminating  towards  the  north  at  Ask  Island 
four  imles  beyond  the  United  States  Line,  and 
the  early  French  writers  marked  its  termination 
towards  the  south  at  Ticonderoga.     The  width 

« W  .  o''" -r^^'.ff  °'"  o'^^Mrtk  of  a  mile  to 
about  o  miles,  with  a  mean  width  of  perhaps 
4  rniie^,  and  cojering  an  area  of  about  500 
square  miles.  It  receives  the  waters  drained 
from  about  7000  square  miles.     Its  depth 

ves£lT"'Tlf  fr*-'"'  '^'  "^-'g'^^ion  oflarge 
vessels.     1  h.s  lake  is  now  connected  by  canals 

with  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Hudson  and 
the  St.  Lawrence,  and  by  railroads  with  New 
Jtork,  Loston,  Montreal  and  Ogdensburgh 

fhiit'r''™'''-'^''^  ^''^  Steam-Boat  built  on 
this  lake  was  m  1809.  The  Bw  Boats  have 
always  been  favorably  known  to  travellers 


LAKE    CHAMPLAIN    CANAL. 


11 


)uth.  or 
appro- 
en  the 
on  the 
ndians 
n,  who 
Dm  be- 

ly   re- 
to    St. 
from 
ded  as 
s/and, 
e,  and 
nation 
width 
ile  to 
rhaps 
b  500 
aincd 
th  . 
large 
anals 
I  and 
New 
h. 

It  on 
have 
Hers 


% 


either  for  business  or  pleasure,  for  the  manner 
in  which  they  have  been  managed-their  neat 
nnd  orderly  appearance-obliging  and  atten- 
tW  officers'  and  efficient  erews^  At  present 
there  are  two  daily  lines  to  and  from  White- 
hall and  St.  Johns,  stopping  at  the  i^termed  - 
ate  places  and  connecting  with  the  various  Eai  - 
;oaL-also  numerous  Ferry  Boat^,  Propel- 
lers avid  Tow  Boats,  besides  more  than  300 
Sloops.  Canal  Boats,  Barges,  &c.  . 

dampMn  Canal  connects  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  Hudson  with  Lake  Champlam^ 
It  is  64  miles  long,  40  feet  wide,  at  the  top  and 
28  at  the  bottom,  with  a  navigable  fifder  ft 
Sandy  Hill  11  miles  long.     It  has  21   locks 
14  by  90  feet.     Rise   from  the  Hudson    lo4 
feet,  fall  to  the  lake,  54  ;   was  begun  in  1816 
finished  in    1819,  and   cost  Si^l>079,872.     The 
route  of  this  canal  is   interesting  on   account 
of  its  passing  through  a  section  of  country 
rendered  memorable  by  important  military  op- 
erations.    It  passes  in  part  along  the  ine  of 
Burgoyne's  advance  from   Lake  Champlam— 
near  the  scene  of  his  principal  battles-and 
of  his  final   surrender.     It  passes  near   Fort 
Miller— Fort  Edward-and  Fort  Anne— the 
snot  where  Miss  M'Crea  was  murdered—the 
tree   to  which   Gen.  Putnam    was  bound  m 
1757,  &c. 


■I 

1  lit 


WHITEHALL. 


tarns  about  2500  inli^Klfn  i         r. '^-     ^*  ^'O"* 
-Episcopal  aS  ^^Zt  4  /of  f^' 

fort.  Before  tTp  1  /^Ppearunco  and  com- 
resided  here  and  t.,nTJ"""  ^'''"■'■''r  «J^-«cdo 
known  by  tKa,uo  0  S^n  ^•'''/°''  '^^'"''^  ti°^« 
Indian  nime  of      islhco  ?«'•?""-''■     ^^^^ 

i«  very  /-arrow,  :"erS.in^"refE  ,*''%^^^- 
TJie  widest  plaeo   i*.  <,  K.  "".  ^       ^"  '^  mile.-- 

ti- south  p£r:/«o;n* 'ir^;"frT"'^' 

mg,  1  wile  .south  of  Moutt  Jul  °  '  '  ^'''"^■ 
width  k  only  forVv  od  {I'tP''"'^''"'^^'  ^^'^ 
WhiteJiall  i,s  Vliat i.  c°lW  tl  n^f  ""^°  ^''^^ 
turn  in  the  lake  oocas'ionnV  "  5'^"^"'  '"^  «''°rt 
of  a  rocky  point  f-rtle  iL\T^'''''''' 

Half  a  ^£S1S:ZS;:'^  ^''""^> 

tothe  southwest,  and  alo  a  tS  ^'^  "P°°« 
mination  of  Saratn«-,  I  ^  i  -,  nort^'era  ter- 
Road.  'Saratoga   and   ^Vlutehall    Rail 


TICONDEROGA. 


13 


notion  of 
It  coii- 
^yterian, 
a  bank, 
htI  and 
)usiness. 
ud  com- 
^Jv(3cne 
no  time 
I.     The 
)e  Kak. 

At  this 
nd  de- 
le navi- 
le  lake 
iiile. — 

against 
Land- 
2e,  the 
'  from 

short 
ection 

witJi 
•ass  it 
umel. 
^pons 
a  ter- 
Rail 


TicoNDiMiOGA.  This  is  an  Indian  word  sig- 
nifying noisy  ;  and  was  applied  by  the  natives 
to  the  falls  in  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ceorge.  It 
was  afterwards  applied  to  the  fortifications  on 
the  peninsula  at  the  outlet,  and  now  to  a  vil- 
lage two  miles  up  the  outlet  and  to  the  town- 
ship in  which  these  are  situated.  Fort  Tkon- 
dcroga  occupies  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
military  operations  in  this  neighborhood.  Its 
situation  may  be  seen  by  the  following  dia- 
52;ram. 


The   French    first  established    themselves 
here  in  1755,  and  in  the  course  of  two  or  three 


14   TICONDEllOGA— ABEKCROMBIe's   DEFEAT.  | 

years  Lad  erected  works,  which  they  named 
Fort  Carillon,  and  wliich,  with  its  natural  ad- 
vantages, rendered  it  a  place  of  considerable 
strength. 

MerrromUc^s  Defeat.     In   1758,  the  En/r- 
isU  had  collected  an   arn.y  of  10,01)0   men.  at 
the  head  ot   Lake    George  for  the  purpose  of 
reducing  the  French  works  on  Lake  Chaiu- 
plaiu.     At  the  head  of  these  Gen.  Abercron.- 
bie  embarked  at  Fort  Wm.  Henry  on  the  5th 
of  July,  and  proceeded  down  the  lake  in  ')00 
batteawxaud  135  whaleboats.     He  landed  at 
the  lower  end  without  difficulty.     As  they  ad 
vaneed  towards  the  French  works,  they  Jmd 
frequent  skirmishes  witli  the  enemy,  by  wiiicl, 
tlieir   progress   was  retarded   and  in    one   of 
which  the  gallant  Lord  Howe  was  killed     Tiie 
Lnghsh  columns  at    length    became  so  much 
eiubarrasscd  and   broken  on   account  of  tiie 
thickness   of    the    woods,   that   Abercrombie 
deemed  it  prudent  to  march  back  to  the  place 
where  he  had  landed  ia  the  morning  and  there 
encamp  for  the  night. 

The  French  works  were  protected  on  tlio 
only  assailable  ground  by  a  line  of  breastworks 
and  garrisoned  by  GOOO  men,  and.  as  a  rein- 
forcement of  3000  men  was  on  its  way  to  join 
them,  Abercrombie  was  anxious  to  get  pcsses- 
sion  of  the  works  before  it  should  arrive     He 


'EAT. 

r  named 
tural  ad- 
siderable 

10  Eug- 
inoii,  at 
rpose  of 

Cliam- 
ercrom- 
tll€  5tli 
I  in  900 
idcd  at 
hay  ad- 
ley  ]iad 
r  wiiicli 
one   of 
L    The 

much 
of  the 
'ombie 
i  phice 
I  there 

■)n  the 
works 
^  rein- 
)  join 
osses- 
He, 


TICONDEROGA  DURING  THE  REVOLUTION.     15 

therefore,  the   next  morning  led  forward  his 
men   in   regvdar   order  and  with   undaunted 
firmness    and  commenced   an  immediate   as- 
Bault   upon  the    French    lines.      The  enemy 
opened  upon   them  a  well  directed  hro  from 
their  artillery,  but  the   English  continued  to 
advance   undismayed  till   they   became  com- 
pletely entangled  and  stopped   by  the   trees 
and  bushes,  which  had  been  felled  to  impede 
their   approach.     For  four  hours  they  strove 
to   cut  their   way  through  tliese    with   their 
swords,  but  without   success.     All   this  time 
they  were  exposed  to   the  deadly  hre  ot   the 
enemy,  who  were  completely  sheltered  ])y  their 
breastworks.     The  numbers  of  the   assailants 
continually    diminishing,  and  no  prospect   ot 
success   appearing,    Abercrombie   thought   it 
most  prudent  to  retreat,  and  accordingly  led 
back  his   shattered  army  to  their   lormer   en- 
campment without  being  pursued  or  molested 
by  the  enemy.     The   English  lost  m  this  en- 
counter, in  killed  and  wounded,  nearly  2000 
men  and  2500  stand  of  arms.     The  next  year 
this  post  was  abandoned  by   the  French  and 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  English  under 
Jen.  Amherst  wi-thout  any  fighting,  by  whom 
the  works  were  repaired  and  strengthened. 

Ticonderoga  during  the  Bevolutw7i.'—TiGon' 
deroga  was  our  first  trophy   in  the  war  for 


16 


i^:^^;AIEWTEEAT-CHIMNEY  POINT. 


Independence.     It^s  taken  by   81^.^}^ 
Jithan    Allen  at  the  head  nf  sq     «"rpnse  by 
Green  Mountain  TlL!  •    fi    ^   ™°"'  ™o«tly 
10th  of  mTv  177?  A '   ?  *'''  T^'^'^'S  of  the 
der   r,-„  ;7'        "''^'''"'^'^'"''^"ded  its  surren- 
aer      ^n  Ute  name  of  the  CU,>nf    ti       ,^^^ 
the  Continental  CoiJess"ft  ,f'''?«^«^^^ 
the  possession  of  thelLerieat      ifT^  f 
vanee  of  Burgoyne  through  the  LlS^i.^^^rr" 
The  Amencans  at  this  tfme  oceunLr    tJ 

floating  bndgjf  0  /odf  lon'g  ^nd^l^Sf  Jl^d  ^ 

AmericanTSs  be    i  8tf0   PTT^'^    '^' 
but  was  supposed   o  be   of  so  diffi^U    *'^*'"' 
as  to  prevent  any  atten,?    Z  £tiSZ 
plant  cannon  upon  it      E„f  ;,.  +   •   fi        ^  *^ 
-i^taken  ;  for  o'n  the  5th    ?  J^lft]   "g  V-'t 
had    taken   possession  of  thif  nomt  •         '^ 
had   eon>meneed   the   eLt S     f      Tak^rl' 
—The   Amer  can  Generil  St    ni  •     .^•^^"®7- 
ately  called  a  councYl  "rofficer.    W  wr'*^-V 
was  agreed  to  abandon  thenost  t't  'I V  ^  ™  '' 
and  Mount  Independence  ^and t!  ea"tT 
-uth,  wh.h  was  carried  into  effect  before  tt 


INT. 

)rise  by 
mostly 
of  the 
surren- 
'ah  and 
ned   in 
the  ad- 
1  Mil. 
Ticon- 
e  oppo- 
e  small 
d  by  a 
'  wide. 
Hope^ 
est   of 
;ed  at 
i    the 
them, 
access 
ish  to 

were 
ritish 
and 
)tery. 
Tiedi- 
m  it 
iroga 
)  the 
}  the 


CHIMNEY   POINT. 


17 


next  morning.     The  British  then  took  posses- 
sion and  held  it  till  the  close  of  the  war. 

From  Ticonderoga  to  Crown  Point  the 
width  of  the  lake  varies  from  1  to  2  miles. 
In  this  distance  are  two  or  three  landing 
^  places,  all  on  the  east  side.  Watch  Fomt,  m 
Shoreham,  a  little  north  of  the  old  landing,  is 
at  present  the  usual  landing  place  of  passen- 
gers for  Middlebury. 

Chimney  Point,  the  landing  place  opposite 
to  Crown  Point,  is  in  the  south  western  corner 
of  the  town  of  Addison.     Here  the   French 
commenced    their   first  settlement   upon   the 
lake  in  1731.     When   Crown  Point  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  English  in  1759,  this  sett  e- 
ment  was  abandoned,  and  the  remains  ot  the 
chimneys,  which   they   had  erected   in  their 
huts,  probably  suggested  to  the  first  English 
settlers  the  name   of  Chimney  Point.      ihe 
stom  windmill,  mentioned  by  Kalm,  as  being 
one  or  two  musket-shots  to  the  east  of  l^ort 
Frederick,  and  as  having  5  or  6  small  cannon 
mounted  in  it  in  1749,  and  which  has  been 
supposed  to  have  given  name   to  this   point, 
was  most    probably    at  the  place    opposite, 
marked  by  the  ruins  of  what  is  called  Grma^ 
dier^s  Battei'v. 

2 


18 


CROWN   POINT. 


m 


Crown  Point.  The  French  first  establish- 
ed themselves  here  in  1731,  and  erected  a  fort 
which  they  called  Fort  St.  I^edenl  from 
Frederick  Maurepas,  the  French  secre  a  y  rf 
state.     At  this  place  the  French  kept  a  2r° 

sen    out  their  parties  of  French  and  Indians 
to  destroy  the  frontier  English   settlements 

vkttod'ir'^  '^'  i?'"'^^^*^"*-     When  KaW 
rable  settlement   around  the  fort,  with  well 


CROWN   POINT. 


19 


ablish- 
a  fort 
I  from 
tarj  of 
garri- 
wars. 
idians 
iients, 
Kalm 
nside- 
1  well 


cultivated  gardens.    Withm  the  fort  was  a 
neat  little  church.     The  fort  ras  built  upon 
the  Vrow  of  the  steep  bank  of  the  lake,  but  a 
short Tstance  from  the  water,  and  the  remains 
of  its  bomb-proof  covered  way,  ovens  &c    are 
still  to  be  seen,  though  in  a  very  dilapidated 
s  ate     Its  place  is  indicated  by   figure  2    in 
the  cut     The  small  circle  to  the  southeast  ot 
Ws  denotes  the  site  of  f--<iier's  Battery- 
and  the  two  small  parallelograms  to  the  south- 
west of  the  latter  place,  the  situation  of  two 

strona;  redoubts.  ^  .  .  ,  i^,. 

On  the  approach  of  the  British  army  under 
Gen.  Amherst  in  1759,  the  French  abandoiied 
this  fort  and  retired  to  the  north  end  ot   the 
lake       Amherst   took  immediate   possession. 
but  instead  of  repairing  the  old  works,  began 
.  a  new  fort,  wliich   was  called   Crmai  PomL 
about  200  yards  to  the  south  west    on   higliev 
and  more  commanding  ground.     This  fort  wa^ 
never  completed,  as   is  eviden     ^^^''^  ^  ^r^ 
amination  of  the  ditch,  glacs,  &c.,  at  the  pit- 
sent  day,   although  it  has  been  said  that  tie 
British    ffovernment    expended   here  no   less 
than   £2,000.000   sterling.      The  position   ot 
the  several  works  may  be  understood  by   the 
preceding    diagram,  and  the  form  and  size  o 
The  English  fort  by  the  following  diagram  and 
description. 


20 


vr 


CROWN   POINT   PORT. 


solid  masonrv      Thl  .  '  f  -^  ^'^  "^«*e<^  ^ith 

from  52  "a  J  r;  r  rj  /^^  'ti^ 

circuit,  measuring  aici  the.-  f  I  ''''°'' 
part,  including  the  ba  font  1^8'^?  ^^V^"^' 
27  yards   less  than  3      '    v  ^^^^jards,  or 

fort'were  fou  arge  to2e iS'  ^!,*'''.°  *^« 
for  barracks  and  Set  uses    onT^^f  ^TT-^ 

now    wholly    remn„»J  j  '      ^   ^'^   ^'"^h  is 

long,  S   mostWhrn  '  ^f  ""°*''^'  287   feet 

the  other  two    b!-''"  '^°''"-     ^^^^  ^^lls  of 
otuer  two,  being,  one    192  and  the  other 


CROWN   POINT   PORT. 


21 


I 

I 


> 


',  and 
I  with 
ength 
whole 
>  ram- 
h,  or 
n  the 
igned 
ich  is 
feet 
ils  of 
3ther 


216  feet  long,  and  two  stories  high,  are  nearly 
entire.      These  were   used  as   barracks,  are 
built   of  solid  masonry    with  chimneys,  and 
the   stones  for   their  construction  appear  to 
have  been  taken  from  the  ditch,  and  the  chips 
used  for  levelling  up  the  slope  of  the  glacis. 
In  the  northeastern  bastion  is   a  large  well, 
said  to  be  90  feet  deep,  and  from  this  bastion 
was  the  descent  to  the  covered  way  or  under- 
ground communication  with  the   lake.      The 
walls  of  this  covered  way  have  fallen  in,  so  as 
to  render  it  impassable,  but  it  may  be  traced 
through  its  whole  length  by  a  depression  along 
the  surface   of    the   ground.     This  fort  was 
taken  by  surprise  by  a  party  of  Green  Moun- 
tain Boys,  under  Seth  Warner,  on  the  same 
day  that  Ticonderoga  surrendered  to  Ethan 

Allen. 

The  width  of  the  peninsula  upon  which 
these  works  stood  is  one  mile,  and  is  in  no 
part  much  elevated  above  the  site  of  the 
principal  fort,  but  there  is  a  considerable 
mountain  on  the  west  side  of  Bulwagga  Bay, 
the  nearest  summit  of  which  is  only  1  3-4 
miles  from  the  fort  and  elevated  400  feet  above 
it.  The  highest  is  distant  2  3-4  miles  and 
elevated  900  feet.  The  whole  peninsula  is^ 
made  up  of  dark  lime  stone  covered  in  most 
parts  with  only  a  slight  depth  of  earth,  so  that 


% 


•?.'> 


WESTPOET— -PORT   CASSIN. 


works  upon  It  cannot  be  assailed  by  regular 
advances.  The  width  between  GroJn  S 
and  Chimney  Point  is  only  about  half  a  mie 

Sk  ^f^^l'''''■'  *?  SpHt  Eock  the  average 
width  of  the  lake  is  about  3  1-2  miles 

Pi  ^r.  T''^-^',  ^  '-2  """e  from  Crown 
Pt.  Fort  and  a  h^^h  north  of  Cedar  pJm 
Here  is  a  good  .b  ng  place,  and  here  a7e 
Ser??'  1  *^li'^^*HLry 'iron  Cow 

Westport,  the  next  landing  place  on  the 
;N  Y^  side,  IS  situated  on  Northwest  Bay.  It 
IS  a  thrmng  village  of  about  600  inhabftants 

a^nd'En  nXbor"*  ^'^  '^^^^^"^   '"^'^  ^'^^ 

tleTanXgt^*'^  ''''  ''  ^e^gennes,!?!^ 

and  on'tSf ''™.V^  ^."''  ^'''•"^  ''f  ^^«'°  Harbor 
and  on  the  north  side  of  the  mouth  of  Otter 

Sv  of  vL  ^'''°''-  J*  '^  ^""il^^  from  the 
city  of  Yergennes,  where  Macdonough's  fleet 

Ca7sin  !f    ),^''''"  *^''f  ^*'  "^'"^  fr°»  I-ieut. 

wort  „f  .J,-      T""^'  ^^°  ^^*1»  =»  «°»aU   breast 
work  at  this  place,  and  less  than  200  m^ 


SPLIT   ROCK — m'nEIl's   FERRY. 


23 


regular 
1  Poinfc 
'  a  mile, 
average 

Crown 

Point. 

Te   are 

mpany. 

Chim- 

)n  the 

J.  It 
itants. 
1  place 

J  lake^ 
d  is  5 
md  is 

arbor 
Otter 
Lssen- 
i  the 

fleet 

vie- 
lieut. 
reast 
men 


commanded  by  himself  and  Capt.  Thornton, 
of  the  artillery,  on  the  14th  of  May,  1814, 
repulsed  a  large  British  force  in  an  attempt 
to  enter  the  creek  for  the  purpose  of  destroy- 
ing the  American  flotilla  before  it  should  be 
ready  for  service. 

Split  Rock  has  been  regarded  as  one   ot 
the   greatest  natural  curiosities  on  the  lake, 
and  is  one  which  did  not  escape   the  notice  of 
the  earliest  French  explorers.     Rocher  Fendu 
occupies  a  conspicuous  place  on   Charlevoix 
map   of   1744.      The  part  detached  contains 
about  half  an  acre,  rises  about  30  feet  above 
the  water,    is   covered  with    bushes   and  is 
separated  about  12  feet  from  the  main  rock. 
Some  have  supposed  the  chasm  to  have  been 
produced  by  the  breaking  off  of  the  promon- 
tory in  consequence  of  being  undermined  by 
the  lake,   or  by  some  great  convulsion  of  na- 
ture.    But   the  slightest  examination  shows 
that   the     rocky    point  was   here   originally 
crossed  b}  what  geologists  call  a   dike,  the 
materials   of  which  have  been  washed   out, 
forming  a  chasm  in  the  more  solid  rock  through 
which  the  lake  flows  when  high.     The  chasm, 
instead  of  being  unfathomable,  as  some  have 
represented,  is  so  shallow,  that  no  water  flows 
through  when  the  lake  is  low.     A  few  rods 
south  of  Split  Rock  stands  a  light  house.     The 


24 


ESSEX — ^JUNIPER    ISLAND. 


I 


ii'f 


Width  of  the   lake  between  Split  Kock  and 
I hompson's  Point  is  only  about  a  mile.     From 
this  place  the  width  of  the  lake  increases  to- 
wards the   north,  and  at  McNeil's  Ferry  be- 
tween  Charlotte   landing  and   the  village  of 
J^issex,  It  wants  20  rods  of  3  miles.     This  is 
one  of  the  oldest  and  best  ferries  across  the 
lake.     The^  passage  is   bj   horseboat,   and  is 
pertormed  m  about  30  minutes.     Just  north 
of  Charlotte  landing  is  the   delightful   resi- 
dence of  Charles  McNeil,  Esq. 

^n?^^^^,^?  ^  pleasant  village  containing  about 
bOO  inhabitants.     From  this  place   the  width 
of  the  lake  increases  as  it  flows  North,  and  at 
iiurlington  amounts  to  about  10  miles-  and 
here  is  the  greatest  expanse  of  water  uninter- 
rupted by  islands.     On  the   way  from  Essex 
to  ±{urlington,  are  passed  the  Four  Brothers 
(lying  at  some  distance,)  Juniper  Island  and 
Kock  Dunder  on  the  left,  and  Potier's   Point 
and  mouth  of  Shelburne  Bay  on  the  right. 
^    Four  Brothers  are  four  small  islands  ly- 
ing about  7  miles  south  west  from  Burling- 
ton, and  being  out  of  the  usual  line  of  naviga- 
tion they  are  resorted  to  by  gulls   and  other 
water  fowl  for  the  purpose   of   raising  their 
young.     On  Charlevoix  map  of  1744,  they  are 
called  Isle  de  quatre  Vents . 

Juniper  Island  lies  3  miles  south  west 


HARBOR. 


25 


ck  and 

From 

ises  to- 

ry^  be- 

age  of 

rhis  is 

ss  the 

md  is 

north 

resi- 

about 
width 
nd  at 
;  and 
inter- 
Essex 
thers, 
i  and 
Point 
t. 

s  ly- 
rling- 
iviga- 
other 
their 
f  are 

west 


from  Burlington — is  composed  of  slate  rock, 
with  precipitous  banks  about  thirty  feet  high, 
and  covered  with  about  a  dozen  acres  of  good 
soil.  A  light  house  was  erected  here  iu 
1826. 

Rock  Dunder  is  a  solitary  rock  rising  out 
of  the  water  between  Juniper  Island  and 
Potier's  Point  to  the  height  of  about  30  feet. 

Potier's  Point  is  21-2  miles  nearly  south 
from  the  landing  at  Burlington  and  at  the 
mouth  of  Shelburne  Bay.  On  the  east  side 
of  this  point  just  with  the  bay  is  a  ship  yard, 
called  the  Harbor.  It  is  three  miles  from  the 
steamboat  landing  in  Burlington,  and  although 
situated  in  the  township  of  Shelburne,  may  be 
regarded  as  the  Burlington  ship  yard.  Here 
several  of  the  large  steam  boats  have  been 
built,  and  they  are  usually  laid  up  here  dur- 
ing the  winter. 

Through  the  greater  part  of  the  passage 
from  Ticonderoga  to  Burlington  the  traveller 
has  a  fine  view  of  the  Green  Mountains  in 
Vermont,  stretching  along  at  the  east,  parti- 
cularly of  the  Camel's  Hump^  and  the  Nose 
and  Chin  of  the  Mansfield  mountains,  lying 
further  north. 


BURLINGTON. 


ii  ' 


Rtl 


♦„?»     wuv°u  1?  ^'*'?''*^^  °^»'^y  ™i<lway  be- 
tween Whitehall  and  St:  Johns.     It  is  the 

most  important  town  on  lake  Champlain,  is  a 
port  of  entry,  and  by  recent  arrangements  be- 
tween our  government  and  Great  Britain  is 
made  one  of  the  two  ports  (Plattsburgh  being 
the  other)  on  lake  Champlain,  at  whi!h  mer^ 
chandize  sent  from  England  through  the 
United  States  into  Canada  is  entered  for  in- 
spection and  exportation.  The  village  of 
Burlington  is  not  surpassed  in  beauty  of  loca- 
tion by  any  town  in  New  England.     It  occu- 

brfh/f  I    '^'^l!^^'^.  *«r'«i'i^t«d  on  the  west 

iLf  i    '• .  ^^'  P"°"'P^'  «*'««*«  running 
east  and  west,  are   one  mile  in  length,  and 

these  are  crossed  nearly  at  right  angles  by 
others  running  north  and  south,  cutting  thi 
whole  village  into  regular  squares.  The  village 
contains    nearly  seven   thousand  inhabitants, 
and  IS  steadi  y  advancing  in  wealth  and  popula' 
tion     It  IS  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Ver- 
mont which  is  a  flourishing  institution,  having 
a  well  selected  library  of  about  8000  volumes 
a  very  good  chemical  and  philosophical  ap- 
Crv '  ^p  ^/"^P^^taWe  cabinet  of  natur^ 
History.      Besides  the  university   buildings, 


BURLINGTON — MAP. 


27 


the  village  contains  eight  churches,  a  court 
house  and  jail,  a  public  high  school,  a  female 
seminary,  four  banks,  five  printing  offices, 
seven  hotels  and  taverns  and  about  60  stores, 
four  of  which  are  bookstores.  There  are 
three  lines  of  Rail  Roads  which  arrive  and 
depart  twice  daily  (Sunday  excepted,)  See 
Talks  at  the  end.)  During  the  continuance  of 
navigation  there  are  regular  lines  of  steam- 
boats between  here  and  Whitehall,  between 
here  and  St.  Johns,  between  here  and  Platts- 
burgh  and  St.  Albans,  besides  numerous  arri- 


/ 


28 


BURLINGTON — UNIVERSITY. 


vals  and  departures  of  irregular  boats,  sloops, 
&c.  There  are  four  extensive  wharves  with 
store  houses,  and  two  extensive  freight  denots 
on  thelake  shore,  with  passenger  lepotsra 
•il  ^'^^''''}^  one  near  the  centre  of  the 
village.  A  brea/cwater  has  been  built  in  front 
of  the  wharves  for  the  protection  of  the  sh"p- 
nf  fi,.  V'^P^-'^n  *°   J^i'-I'ngton   the  width  of 

taken  ,t?  1 1"  V-^  "^"^^'  '""i  *»'''  ^o^ndings 
taken  at  eight  aifForent  places  along  the  line 

vary  from  50  to  about  300  feet.      ^  ' 

are  deliS  n^'  ■!  '^^  University  of  Vermont 
are  delightfully  situated  upon  the  summit  at 

1-    ■    f '>*',. Fospect  from  the  dome  of  the 
pnncipal  edifice  is,   at  some  seasons  of  the 

the  to^l' f  m"°"''"^^  '"^^"*-^'  ^"d  well  r  pays 
i«o„  '  '  'f  ?'      ^'''  '«  spread  out,  Is 

upon    a    map,    before     the    eye,—the    busv 

no  tf  "S'-Z^i^"'  ''''''^''^^  from   south     J 
and   .^tl'     "l^^y^^d  islands,  its  steamboats 
and   other  water  craft-the   Winooski  river 
dashing  throiigh  dark   and   frightful  chasms 
and  then  winding  gently  through  the  beauti' 
ful  meadows  at  the  north-and  more  remote 
the  woods  and  farms  and  smiling  viK  _' 

are  b^uSb'^  '""^  "l^*"'^' '''  -'  aXest 
are  bounded  by  a  grand  and  varied  outline  of 


WINOOSKJ — SCHUYLER   ISLAND. 


29 


sloops, 
3  with 
cicpots 
s  near 
f   the 

front 
''  ship- 
ithof 
^dings 

line, 

mont 
lit  at 
^t  an 
'  the 
the 
'  the 
pays 
it,  as 
busy 
:i   to 
►oats 
iver, 
isms 
tuti- 
iOte, 

»;— 

rest 
)  of 


mountains,  many  of  whose  summit  sminglc 
with  the  clouds.  Population  of  the  town  about 
8000. 

WiNoosKi  Village  is  situated  at  the  Lower 
Falls  in  the  Winooski  river,  and  2  miles  from 
the  steam  boat  landing  in  Burlington.  Here 
is  abundant  and  excellent  water  power,  which 
has  hitherto  been  only  partially  improved. — 
At  this  place  is  an  extensive  woollen  factory, 
a  cotton  factory  and  several  other  factories 
and  mills.  A  large  block  factory,  satinet 
factory,  and  several  mills  have  been  destroyed 
by  fire,  which  have  not  yet  been  rebuilt.  Pop- 
ulation about  2000. 

From  Burlington  to  Port  Kent,  10  miles, 
the  course  is  a  little  north  of  west.  Jnniper 
Island  and  the  Four  Brothers  lie  at  the  left, 
and  on  the  right,  first.  Lone-rock  or  Sharpshin 
Point,  near  which  may  be  seen  the  residence 
of  the  Rt.  Rev.  J.  H.  Hopkins,  and  a  little 
further  alon^Appletree  Point,  and  still  farther 
and  more  remote  Colchester  Point.  Winooski 
river  enters  the  lake  between  the  two  last. 
Just  before  reaching  Port  Kent,  a  considera- 
ble island  is  passed  lying  on  the  left  called 
Schuyler  Island.  The  French  called  it  Isle 
au  Chapon.  The  point  of  the  main  land  ly- 
ing between  this  island  and  Port  Kent,  is 
called  Point  Trembleau. 


'  :lj 


30 


PORT  KENT PORT  JACKSON. 


t 


Port  Kent  is  a  pleasant  little  village  which 
owes  Its  origin   to  the  late  Elkanah  Watson, 
JBiSq.  and  has  grown  up  within  a  few  years    It 
has  a  convenient  dock,  from  which  is  shipped 
the  greater  part   of  the  ^mxxiense  quantity  of 
iron    manufactured   in  this    section    of   the 
country.     On  the   Au  Sable  river  which  runs 
through  a  region  abounding  in  iron  ore,  and 
empties   into  the  lake  a  little  north  of  this 
port,  are  the  flourishing  manufacturing  villa- 
ges of  Au  Sable  Forks,   Clintonville,  Keese- 
ville   and   Birmingham.      On    this  river  are 
many  interesting  falls.    Those  at  Birmingham. 
2  miles   from  Port  Kent,   and  the  Au  Sable 
Chasm  below,  through  which  the  river   passes 
are   well  worthy   the   notice   of    the   curious 
ti-aveller^     From  Port  Kent  to  the  Ausable 
i^  orks,  there  is  a  plank   road   about  20   miles 
m  length. 

^  From  Port  Kent  to  Pittsburgh,  the  course 
IS  along  near  the  western  shore  of  the  lake 
^  Port  Jackson,  the  only  intermediate  land- 
ing place,  IS  nearly  west  of  the  south  end  of 
Vakour  Island,  noted  for  a  severe  naval  con- 
flict, on  the  11th  of  October  1776,  between  the  . 
American  flotilla  under  General  Arnold  and 
the  British  under  Capt.  Prindle.  The  battle 
was  fought  a  little  north  of  Port  Jackson  — 
i^  ive  or  SIX  miles  nearly  east  from  Port   Jack- 


C 


PLATTSBURGH. 


31 


c 


son  was  the  scene  of  the  conflagration  of  the 
steamer  Phoenix  on  the  morning  of  the  5th 
of  September,   1819.    Previous  to  the  settle- 
ment of  Port  Kent,  the  steamboats  proceeded 
directly  from  Burlington  to  Plattsburgh,  along 
the  west  shore  of  Grand  Isle.     On  the  mor- 
ning of  the  accident  the  Phoenix  left  Burling- 
ton about  one  o'clock,  against  a  strong  north 
wind.     About  3  o'clock,  while  off  nearly  west 
of  the  south  end  of  Grand  Isle,  the  boat  was 
discovered  to  be  on  fire,  and  all  efforts  to  ex- 
tinguish  it  were  unavailing.    There  were  at 
this  time  44  persons  on  board,  3 1  of  whom  en- 
tered the  small  boats  and  succeeded  with  con- 
siderable difficulty  in  reaching  a  small  Island 
about  a  inile  to  the  windward,  called  Prov- 
idence Island.     The  remaining   13  were  soon 
obliged  to  commit  themselves  to  the  water  up- 
on bits    of  plank  and   such    other  things  as 
were  within  tl  ^^ir  reach.     The  small  boats  re- 
turned just  after  daylight  and  succeeded  in 
saving  6  of  those  who  had  managed  to  keep 
themselves  afloat.     The  remaining  seven  were 
drowned.     The  wreck  drifted  southward  and 
lodged  on  a  reef,  extending  from  Colchester 
Point.     This  is  the  only  accident,  worthy  of 
notice,  which  has  occurred  during  41  years  of 
steam  navigation  on  this  lake. 

Plattsburgh  is  a  flourishing  village  pleas- 


32 


PLATTSBURGH. 


antly  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Saranac.  It  has  four  churches  and 
about  3000  inhabitants.  There  are  falls  in 
the  river  here  of  about  40  feet,  affording  a 
large  amount  of  water  power.  On  these  there 
are  several  manufacturing  establishments,  but 
they  are  only  partially  occupied.  There  is  a 
regular  line  of  stages  from  this  place  to  Ma- 
lone,   Pottsdam,   and   Ogdensburgh.     Platts- 


burgh  is  a  military  post  of  the  United  States, 
and  a  little  south  of  the  village  near  the  lake 
shore,  the  government  has  erected  extensive 


f 


BATTLE    AT    PLATTSBURGH. 


33 


hof 
and 
3  in 
ig  a 
bere 
but 
is  a 
Ma- 
itts- 


tes, 
ake 
live 


stone  barracks,  and  a  permanent  break  water 
for  the  protection  of  the  harbor.  During  the 
last  war  with  Great  Britain,  this  place  was  the 
scene  of  an  important  engagement  both  on 
land  and  water. 

Battle  of  Plattshiirgh.—On  the  1st  of  Sept. 
1814,  Gen.  Prevost  entered  the  United  States 
at  the  head  of  14,000  men,  and  advanced  to- 
wards Plattsburgh,  which  was  then  garrisoned 
by  only  one  brigade,  commanded  by  Gen.  Ma- 
comb.    Provost's  advance  was  slow  and  cau- 
f         tious,  and,  in  the  mean  time,  every  effort  was 
made  by  Macomb   to  call  in  the  neighboring 
militia.     On  the  7th,  Prevost  appeared  before 
Plattsburgh,  and  till  the   1 1th,  awaited  the  ar- 
rival of  the  British  flotiUa,  being  employed  in 
the  mean  time  erecting  batteries.     The  Amer- 
ican flotilla,  commanded  by  Commodore  Mac- 
donough  and  consisting  of  the  Saratoga  of  26 
guns,  the  Eagle  of  20,  the   Ticonderoga  of  17, 
the  Preble  of  7,  and  10  gun  boats  carrying  16 
guns,  and  carrying  in  the  whole  820  men,  was 
then  lying  in  Plattsburgh  bay.     The  British 
naval  force  at  this  time  consisted  of  a  frigate 
of  39  guns,  the  Linnet  of  16,  two  sloops  of  11 
each,  and  13  gun  boats  carrying  18  guns,  with 
1050  men,  and  commanded  by    Commodore 
Pownie.     The  American  ships  were  anchored 
in  a  line  extending  in  a  direction  nearly  north 

3 


34 


BATTLE  AT  PL ATTS BURGH. 


from  Crab  Island.  In  the  morning  of  the 
nth  of  September,  the  British  flotilla  came 
around  Ciirnberland  Head  and.  about  9  o'clock, 
anchored  in  a  line  parallel  to  the  American 
and  about  300  yards  distant.  In  this  situation 
the  whole  force  on  both  sides  became  engaged, 
and  after  a  severe  conflict  of  2  hours  and  20 
minutes  the  engagement  was  terminated  by 
the  surrender  of  the  whole  British  flotilla, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  gun  boats  which 
eflfected  their  escape.  The  British  loss  was  84 
killed,  among  whom  were  Com.  Downie  and 
two  Lieutenants,  and  110  wounded.  The 
American  was  52  killed  and  58  wounded. 
Among  the  former  were  Lieuts.  Gamble  and 
Stansbury. 

The  commencement  of  the  naval  action 
seemed  to  be  the  signal  of  a  general  assault  by 
land.  The  enemy  opened  their  batteries  upon 
the  American  works,  and  at  the  same  time  at- 
tempted  to  cross  the  Saranac  and  gain  their 
rear.  The  Americans  kept  up  a  destructive 
fire  from  their  forts  and  met  the  enemy  at 
every  point  with  most  determined  bravery. 
As  soon  as  it  was  known  that  their  fleet  had 
surrendered,  the  enemy  relinquished  all  their 
hopes,  and  began  making  arrangements  for  a 
retreat ;  and  before  the  next  morning  the}^ 
had  retired  so  precipitately  as  to  leave  behind 


ISLANDS. 


35 


their  wounded,  and  large  quantities  of  provis- 
ions, ammunition  and  military  stores. 

The  officers,  who  fell  on  both  sides,  in  these 
eno-ao-ements,  were  all  buried  near  togethe^r  in 
■the  public  cemetery  at  Plattsburgh,  and  the 
Clinton  County  Military  Association,  cele- 
brated the  anniversary  of  the  battle  m  1843, 
-by  placing  over  them  marble  monuments  with 
appropriate  inscriptions.  .,      •   . 

Cumberland  Head  extends  three  miles  into 
the  lake  on  the  north  side  of  Plattsburgh,  or 
Cumberland  Bay.  On  this  point  is  alight, 
house  and  the  farm  presented  to  Com.  Mac- 
donoughby  the  Legislature  of  Vermont,  it 
lies  in  fall  view  of  the  scene  of  his  memorable 
victory  on  the  11th  of  September,  1814.  On 
Charlevoix's  map  of  1744  this  point  is  called 
Co/?  Scoumounton.  Cumberland  Head  is 
connected  by  a  ferry  with  Grand  Island. 

Grand  Island,  or  South  Hero  is  the  larg- 
est island  in  the  lake,  and  belongs  to  Vermont. 
It  has  an  excellent  soil  and  is  connected  with 
Cumberland  Head  on  the  west  by  a  ferry  and 
with  the  main  shore  on  the  east  by  a  oridge 
nearly  2  miles  long. 

North  Hero  is  another  large  island  lying 

north  of  the  above.     It  constitutes  a  township 

.of  the  same  name  and  belongs  to  Vermont. 

lie  steam  ferry  boat  from  Purliugton  on  its 


•fr",; 


36 


rouse's  point. 


way  from  Plattsburgli  to  St.  Albans  passes 
between  these  islands. 

Isle  la  Motte  also  belongs  to  Vermont ; 
contains  4620  acres  and  constitutes  a  town- 
ship of  the  same  name.  Its  rocks  are  lime, 
from  which  is  cparried  a  fine  black  and  gray 
marble. 

Alburgh,  lying  still  further  north,  is  a 
township  formed  by  a  point  of  land  extending 
southward  between  the  lake  and  Missisco  Bay. 
It  is  connected  with  Canada  along  the  45th 
parallel  of  latitude.  In  this  township  is  a 
medicinal  spring  which  is  a  place  of  consider- 
able resort  for  invalids.  lu  Highgate^  lying 
east  of  the  bay  is  another  medicinal  spring  of 
quite  equal  celebrity. 

The  Northern  Vt.  E.  Road  terminates  on 
the  west  shore  of  Alburgh  opposite  to  the  east- 
ern termination  of  the  Ogdensburgh  E.  E.  at 
Eouse's  Point. 

Missisco  Bay  is  a  large  body  of  water  ex- 
tending into  Canada,  on  the  east  side  of  which 
is  the  village  of  Philipsburgh. 

Chazy  Landing  is  16  miles  north  of  Pitts- 
burgh. 

Eouse's  Point  is  9  miles  north  of  Chazy, 
in  the  township  of  Champlain,  and  about  one 
mile  from  the  United  States  line.  Here  is  a 
convenient  steamboat  landing  and  the  termi- 


ASH   ISLAND. 


37 


of 


nation  of  the  Ogdensburgli  Rail  Road  at 
Rouse's  Point  is  being  connected  by  Rail 
Road  with  St.  Johns..  Nearly  opposite  on 
the  west  part  of  Alburgli,  is  Windmill  Point. 
This  point  takes  its  name  from  a  windmill 
built  here  by  the  French  while  they  had  pos- 
session of  the  lake. 

United  States  Line.     This  line  was  fixed 
in  1842,  by  treaty  negotiated  by  Lord  Ash- 
burton  and  Mr.  Webster^  on  the  old  line  for- 
merly supposed  to  be  the  45th  parallel  of  lat- 
itude.    Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  last 
war  the  United  States  government  commenced 
building  a  fort  on  a  low  point  to  the  north- 
ward of  Rouse's  Point  landing  which   should 
completely  command  the  passage  up  the  lake. 
I3y  the  survey   of  this   line  in    1818,   it  was 
found  that  this  point  was  north  of  the  45th 
parallel,  and  the  work  was  consequently  aban- 
doned ;  but  by  the  late  treaty  the  fort  was  se- 
cured to  the  tjnited  States  and  the  work  has 
recently  been  resumed.     An  opening  through 
the  woods  like  a  road,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
lake   and   about  200    rods  north  of  the   fort 
marks  the  place  of  the  Line  as  now  establish- 
ed. 
'^       Ash  Island,  lying  3  or  4  miles  north  of 
the  Line,  is  sometimes  regarded  as  the  termi- 
nation of  the  lake  towards  the  north  and  the 


38 


ISLE    ANX   NOIX. 


commeiicenient  of  the  Richelieu  or  Sorel  which 

lornis  its  outlet. 

La  Colle^  lying  on  the  west  side  was  a  Brit- 
ish military  post  during  the  last  war  with 
Great  Britain,  and  is  noted  on  account  of  an 
unsuccessful  attack  made  by  the  Americans 
upon  the  enemy  sheltered  in  the  stone  mills 
at  this  place,  on  the  29th  of  March,  1814. 
This  is  the  jSrst  Steamboat  landing  in  Canada. 

Isle  Aux  Noix  is  the  second  steani  boat 
landing  after  entering   Canada.     This  is  the 
frontier  military   post  of  the  British.     It  is- 
strongly    fortilied  ai>^  garrisoned,  and   com- 
pletely commands  the  passage  of  the  lake  or 
river.     The  Americans  took  possession  of  this 
island  in  1775,  and  retained  it  till  they  retreat- 
ed  from  Canada  the  next  year.     It  was  after- 
wards the  principal  scene  of  the  negotiations^ 
between  the  British   officers  and  the  agents  of 
the  leading  men  in  Vermont,  by  which  a  large 
British  army  was  k6pt  inactive  during  the  last 
three  years  of  the  revolutionary  war. 

St.  Johns  is  the  termination  of  the  steam- 
boat navigation  of  the  lake  in  this  direction, 
being  checked  by  the  Chambly  rapids,  and  at 
this  place  cars  are  taken  for  Laprairie  on  the 
way  to  Montreal.  The  village  of  St.  Johns 
presents  a  thriving  appearance  and  contains 
about  2000  inhabitants.     It  is  a  military  post, 


CIIAMPLAIN  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RAILROAD.  39 


and  extensive  barracks  have  been  erected  here 
since  the  late   rebellion,  which  are  pleasantly 
situated  and  occupied  by  a  regiment  of  British 
troops.     It  was  the  scene  of  some  mditary  op- 
eration during  the  revolution.     It  sustained  a 
siege  of  6  weeks,  before  it  surrendered  to  Gen. 
Montgomery  in  Nov.    1775.     St  Johns  is  a 
port  of  entry  with  a  custom  house,   and  a  cus- 
tom  house    officer   here   goes    on   board   the 
steamboats  to  inspect  the  baggage  of  passen- 
gers previous  to  being  landed. 

Chambhf  Canal  \%  12  miles  long,  connect- 
ing the  navi2;able  waters  above  with  those  l)e- 
low  Chambiy  rapids,  and  extending  from  St. 
Johns  to  Chambiy.  There  are  9  locks  120 
feet  long  and  24  wide,  each  with  a  lift  of  10 
feet,  making  90  feet  in  the  whole.  It  was 
built  by  the  British  government,  finished  m 
1843.  and  cost  about  $400,000.  This  canal 
completed  an  uninterrupted  water  communica- 
tion between  Quebec  and  New  York. 

Champlam  and  St.  Latvrence  Railroad  is 
fifteen  miles  long,  reaching  from  St.  Johns  to 
Laprairie.  It  was  finished  in  1836  and  cost 
about  $200,000,  including  depots,  locomotives, 
cars,  &c.  The  country  through  which  it  runs 
is  almost  a  dead  level.  The  fare  from  St. 
Johns  to  Montreal  by  railroad  and  Steamboatj 


40 


MONTREAL. 


is  $1  for   1st  class,   and  half  a  dollar   in  2d 
class  cars. 

Laprairie  is  a  considerable  village,  and 
most  of  the  inhabitants  are  French.  From 
this  place  to  Montreal,  9  miles,  the  passage  is 
by  steamboat. 

Montreal,  the  largest  city  in  Canada,  con- 
tains 40,000  inhabitants.  This  city  pre- 
sents a  strong  contrast  to  the  cities  of  the 
United  States,  and  in  its  population,  buildings, 
streets  and  customs,  resembles  the  cities  of  the 
old  world,  and  hence  it  is  an  object  of  partic- 
ular interest  to  the  American  traveller.  On 
approaching,  the  object  which  first  attracts  at- 
tention is  the  huge  Roman  Catholic  Cathe- 
dral, whose  towers  rise  so  majestically  above 
the  surrounding  buildings.  On  a  nearer  ap- 
proach the  city  and  its  environs  are  seen  to 
great  advantage.  The  river  here  is  about  3 
miles  wide,  and  opposite  the  city  lies  the  beau- 
tiful island  of  St.  Helena,  which  is  strongly 
fortified  and  garrisoned.  The  new  wharves  at 
which  the  landings  are  made,  extend  more 
than  a  mile  along  the  river.  They  are  built 
of  hammered  stone,  in  the  most  substantial 
manner,  and  are  said  to  exceed  any  thing  of 
the  kind  in  America.  The  objects  of  interest 
to  the  traveller  in  and  about  Montreal  are  too 
numerous  to  be  particularized  here,  but  a  ride 


THREE   RIVERS. 


41 


to  the  mountain  in  rear  of  the  city  should  not 
be  dispensed  with  by  any  who  have  the  least 
taste  for  the  picturesque  and  beautiful.  Be- 
tween this  city  and  Quebec,  180  miles  below, 
is  a  regular  daily  line  of  steamboatr?  during 
the  continuance  of  the   navigation. 

William  Henry,  or  Sorel,  is  45  miles  be- 
low Montreal,  and  situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain  with  the  St. 
Lawrence,  or  rather  with  the  upper  end  of 
Lake  St.  Peters,  which  is  an  expansion  of  that 
river,  25  miles  long  and  9  broad.  On  the  way 
from  Montreal  to  Wm.  Henry  are  passed  the 
villages  of  Longueuilj  Vercheres,  Yarennes, 
and  several  others. 

Port  St.  Francis  is  the  principal  landing 
place  between  Wm.  Henry  and  Three  liivers. 
It  owes  its  existence  chiefly  to  the  efforts  of 
the  British  American  Land  Company.  Pass- 
engers bound  to  the  Eastern  Townships  are 
landed  here  and  proceed  up  the  river  St.  Fran- 
cis by  stage. 

Three  Eivers,  situated  nearly  midway  be- 
tween Montreal  and  Quebec,  is  the  largest 
town  between  those  cities.  It  lies  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  river  St.  Maurice  with  the  St. 
Lawrence.  In  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Maurice 
are  two  small  islands,  which  divide  the  stream 
into  three  parts,  aud  which  appear,  from  St. 


I 


42 


RICHELIEU   RAPID?. 


W'. 


Lawrence,  like  the  mouths  of  three  rivers^  and 
hence  the  name. 

Richelieu  Rapids  are  half  way  from  Three 
Rivers  to  Quebec.  The  St.  Lawrence  is  here 
about  two  miles  wide,  with  a  rocky  shore,  and 
the  rapids  extend  about  9  miles.  Steamboats 
pass  these  rapids  without  difficulty  or  danger, 
but  other  vessels  can  ascend  them  only  by 
taking  advantage  of  the  tide  or  by  being 
towed  up  by  steam  boats. 

Sillery  Cove^  noted  for  the  last  battle  be- 
tween the  English  and  French,  which  com- 
pleted the  conquest  of  Canada  in  1759,  and 
Wolfe\s  Cove,  where  Wolfe  landed  and  drew 
his  cannon  up  the  precipice,  are  passed  just 
before  reaching  Quebec,  as  is  also  Cape  Dia- 
mond, at  the  base  of  which  the  gallant  Mont- 
gomery was  killed  on  the  31st  of  December 
1775. 

Between  Montreal  and  Quebec  there  are 
three  regular  lines  of  Steamboats,  generally 
well  fitted  with  State  Rooms  and  Cabins. 
Travellers  will  find  them  at  all  times  in  good 
order,  with  intelligent  and  obliging  Captains, 
and  Clerks  and  Stewards  that  understand  and 
perform  their  several  duties.  The  Captains 
and  Pilots  are  men  of  experience ;  and  in  na 
part  of  the  world  have  fewer  accidents  occur- 
red to  Steamboats  than  on  this  River.     Na 


QUEBEC. 


43 


Other  place  on  tho  American  Continent  pre- 
sents as  many  inducements  for  a  traveller  as 
a  trip  from  Montreal  to  Quebec. 

QuEHEc  is  the  most  interesting  place  on  the 
continent  for  an  American  to  visit.    Here  may 
be  seen  the  citadel,  350  feet  above  the  River, 
resembling  the    old  castles  of  Europe  in  feu- 
dal times,  with  a  town  built  and  fortified  m 
the    manner    of  the  most   strongly  fortified 
towns  of  Europe  in  the  fifteenth  century.     It 
was  here  that  one   of  the  earliest  settlements 
in  North  America  was  commenced  by  Cham- 
plain  in  1G08,  and  most  of  the  stone  houses 
built  during  the  first  150  years  after  its  settle- 
ment   are   still   standing  in  the   upper  town, 
many  of  them  bomh  2)roof.     For  five  miles  be- 
fore reaching  Quebec,  a  succession   of  Coves 
are  passed,  filled  with  all  sorts  of  lumber,  with 
vessels  loading  for  Europe  and  other  places  ; 
and  as  the  traveller  approaches  the  city  he 
passes  Cape  Diamond,  rising  about  350  feet 
from  the  water.     The  city  is  divided  mto  the 
upper  and  lower  town,  the  former  enclosed  by 
a  wall  with  five  gates,  and  about  200  feet  above 
the  latter.     The  lower  town  is  much  ot  it  buUt 
on  land  gained  by  excavation   and  building 
wharves,  which  are  extensive.    Travellers  will 
find  carriages  to  convey  them  by  a  winding 
road  to  the  upper  town,  where  they  will  Una 


44 


QUEBEC. 


at  RUSSELL'S  HOTEL  all  the  accommoda- 
tions they  may  desire.  This  is  the  principal 
Hotel  in  Quebec,  is  capable  of  lodging  150 
and  dining  200  guests,  and  is  kept  in  the  best 
manner  by  Willis  Russell,  assisted  by  his 
brothers.  Fresh  salmon  may  at  all  times  du- 
ring the  summer  be  here  found  in  abundance. 
The  places,  of  interest  to  be  seen  in  and 
near  Quebec  are  too  numerous  to  describe  in 
this  place.  A  steamboat  makes  occasional 
trips  to  the  River  Saguenay,  140  miles  below, 
and  intermediate  places.  Parties  wishing  to 
view  the  many  interesting  places  below  Que- 
bec, with  the  most  magnificent  scenery  in  the 
world,  on  the  river  Saguenay,  may  generally 
engage  a  steamboat  in  advance,  for  any  time 
they  may  choose,  at  a  reasonable  price,  by  ad- 
dressing Mr.  Russell,  of  Russell's  Hotel. 


TABLES. 


45 


Distances  between  Albany 

and  Whitehall, 

Place 

From 

NAMES  OF  PLACES. 

to 

From 

White- 

Place 

Alb'y. 
0 

hall. 

Albany,          by  canal. 

0 

73 

West  Troy,      _        -        - 

7 

7 

ee 

Mechanicsvilie, 

13 

20 

53 

Schuylerville, 

16 

3G 

37 

Fort  Edward, 

13 

49 

24 

Fort  Ann, 

12 

61 

12 

Whitehall, 

12 

73 

0 

BY  RAILROAD. 

Albany,    -        -        -        - 

0 

0 

77 

^         {  Schenectady,  ^  ^>  ^  on 
S  ci       Ballston  Spa,  14-  S 

^&  ^ox  Troy,            6  ) 

M         1  Mechanicsv'1,12  V  30 

30 

30 

47 

I  Ballston  Spa,  12  ) 

Sarato,5a  Springs, 

7 

37 

40 

Sandy  Hill, 

19 

56 

21 

Fort  Ann,     - 

10 

66 

11 

Whitehall,    - 

11 

77 

0 

I^ro7n  Albany  to  Tlconderoga,  via  Lalce  George, 

Saratoga  Springs,        by  railroad.  37 

Moreau,  " 


'-  12 

Glens  Falls,  by  stage  over  plank  road,    6 


(C 


Caldwell, 

From  Caldwell,  or  head  of  Lake  George, 

by  Steamboat  to  Lower  Landing,        36 
By  Stage  to  Tico'ga  Fort,  or  Lake,        4 

Total, 


49 

15 

36 
4 

104 


46 


TABLES. 


Distances  between   Whitehall  and  Burlington. 


BY    STEAMBOAT. 
Whitehall,  .... 

Benson,  .... 

Orwell,  -        -        -        - 

Ticonderoga,       -        .        -        . 
Shoreham, 

Bridport,  -        .        _        _ 

Crown  Point  and  Chimney  Point, 
Port  Henry,         -        .        -        _ 
Barber's  Point,    -        -        - 
Westport,  -        -        -        . 

Basin  Harbor,      -        -        -        - 
Fort  Cassin  -        .        -        . 

Split  Rock,  -        -        -        - 

Essex  and  Charlotte,   -        -        - 
Burlington,  _        _        .        . 


Distance  between  Burlington  and  Montreal^ 

BY  STEAMBOAT. 

Burlington,        -        .        -  - 

Port  Kent,         -        _        .  . 

Port  Jackson,    -        -        -  - 

Plattsburgh,       -        -        -  - 
Cumberland  Head, 

Chazy,                -        -        .  . 

Rouse's  Point,            -        .  . 

Isle-aux-Noix,            -        -  i  - 

St.  Johns,           -        -        -  - 
Laprairie,  by  rail-road, 
Montreal,  by  steam-boat, 


13 

13 

7 

20 

4 

24 

2 

26 

9 

35 

6 

41 

2 

43 

9 

52 

2 

54 

4 

58 

3 

61 

3 

64 

4 

68 

14 

82 

10 

10 

9 

19 

6 

27 

3 

30 

13 

43 

9 

52 

12 

64 

13 

77 

15 

92 

9 

101 

f 


TABLES. 


47 


Distance  between  Burlington  and 


BY  RUTL'd  &  BUR. 

Burlington, 

Shelburn, 

Charlotte, 

Ferrisburgh, 

Vergennes, 

New  Haven, 

Middlebury, 

Brandon, 

Pittsford, 

Rutland, 


R.    ROAD, 


6 
5 
4 
G 
5 


Cuttingsv'le, 


7 
17 

8 
9 

10 

8 


3 

5 
4 


6 
11 
15 
21 

26 

33 

50 

58 

G7 

i  / 

85 

92 

95 

97 

102 

106 

120 

233 


/ 
11 
15 


Mt.  Holly, 

Ludlow, 

Proctorsville, 

Duttonsville, 

Gassetts, 

Chester, 

Bello's  Falls,  14 

Boston, 

From  Burlington  to  Ogdensdiirgk,  by  Vt.  tf*  Canada 
and  Ogdensburgh  Railroads. 


Boston. 

BY  CENTRAL  RAILROAD. 

Burlington, 

Winooski, 

Essex, 

Williston, 

Richmond, 

Bolton, 

Waterbury, 

Middlesex, 

Montpelier, 

Northfield, 

Roxbury, 

Braintree, 

Randolph, 

Bethel, 

Royalton, 

Sharon, 

W.  Hartford, 

White  River, 

Boston, 


3 
4 
4 
4 

7 
6 
6 
6 

10 
7 

11 
3 
7 
5 


5 

8 


34 
40 
50 
57 

68 
71 
78 
83 
90 
95 
103 
255 


BY  VT.  &  CANADA  RAILROAD 

Burlington, 

Essex, 

Colchester, 

Milton, 

Georgia, 

St.  Albans, 

Swanton, 

Alburgh, 


5 
5 

5 
9 
9 

8 


Rouse's  Point,  6 


12 
17 

22 
31 
40 
48 
54 


BY    OGDENSB  GH    RAILROAD 

Ronse's  Point, 
Mooers,       16 
Chazy,  7 

Chat'ug'y,  22 
Malone,  12 
Lawrence,  20 
Pottsdani,  16 
Madrid,        8 


Ogdensb,    17 


16 
23 
45 
57 

77 

93 

101 

118 


18                                                 TABLES. 

Distances  between  Montreal  and  (Quebec. 

Place 

NAMES  OF  FLACES. 

to 

From 

From 

Place 
0 

Montreal 

Quebec. 

Montreal,  by  steamb't. 

0 

180 

Varennes,             " 

15 

15 

165 

Wiliam  Henry,   " 

30 

45 

135 

Port  St.  Francis,  '' 

38 

83 

97 

Three  Rivers        '' 

7 

90 

90 

St.  Anne,              " 

25 

115 

65 

Richelieu  Rapids  " 

20 

135 

45 

Cape  Sante,          " 

15 

150 

30 

Cape  Rouge,        '' 

22 

172 

8 

Quebec,                " 

8 

180 

0 

11 
ec. 


M 


"h 


«/■ 


:   II 


